Trying to get a movie made with minimal financial backing can be frustrating, as tough decisions need to be made early. Check out my first hand tips on creating a killer low-budget film.
Sure, you can get your crew to volunteer or call in favors to get your locations for free, but there are also risks associated with cutting corners that can directly result in your film suffering on a creative level. So how do you create the very best film with a minuscule budget?
Image from Vancouver Film School on Flickr
After producing and directing dozens of micro-budget or low budget projects myself, I’ve inevitably learned my lessons (sometimes the hard way) on where you can afford to cut corners and where you absolutely can not. There may not be an exact formula for this, and of course every production has it’s own set of requirements and needs, but here are my thoughts on keeping your budget down as they pertain to various departments on a typical small scale film…
Casting a Low Budget Film
Skimping out in casting is the number one issue that most micro-budget films suffer from. When dealing with a low budget, it’s tempting to call up your actor friends and ask them to give you a freebie, but this is generally a bad idea.
Unless your friend is exceptionally talented and you’ve written a role with that person in mind, you will end up casting the wrong person for the role. And ultimately that will be a very bad starting point for your film. That’s not to say that your friend isn’t a good actor, but simply that they may not be the right person for the project. Don’t simply cast them because they are free, cast them because they are good and they deserve the role.
This however, doesn’t mean that you need to spend an arm and a leg on your cast. I suggest setting up a real casting session (at an affordable location) and bring out actors that are willing to work on deferred payment or for their portfolios. You can absolutely get talented actors on board with your film who are willing to donate their time, if you in turn provide them with something of value – the script.
If you’re going to get actors to come out for free, ensure it’s worth their while. Give them the opportunity to play an amazing role and treat them well throughout the process. You want to find people that are as much a part of the film as you are.
Crewing a Low Budget Film
There are certain crew positions that are essential to even the smallest of productions and others that (while equally important) may be able to be covered by other crew members. In general, the crew members that I strongly advise you have on every shoot are:
- Cinematographer
- Location Audio
- Grip
- Makeup
- Production Assistant
Are there other extremely crucial members that aren’t on this list? Of course. Ideally your DP will want an AC and your Grip will want a Gaffer to work with. But the truth is that when you are forced to boil it down to the bare essentials, these film crew members should be able to cover your basic needs.
Image from jai MANSSON on Flickr
I highly suggest paying every last one of your crew members and not being tight with the budget in this department. You’re better off having fewer crew members that are paid, then more crew members that are volunteering. Your crew is the lifeblood of your project and unlike actors, who at least get the visual recognition of being in the film, your crew is literally hidden behind the scenes and often don’t get the recognition they deserve.
With that said, if your budget doesn’t allow you to cover their normal rates, then defer their payments and at the bare minimum cover a smaller day rate to cover their expenses. You want your crew to be happy and if you don’t show some good faith then they will lose interest in your film and that will affect it negatively in many ways.
Locations
I am a big believer that you can and should get most of your locations for free, but that doesn’t mean that they should look like you got them for free. Just like how I advised against casting your friends as actors, I will again advise asking your friends or relatives for locations – unless they are exceptional.
If your character is supposed to be a starving artist, but you shoot in your friends brand new condo, that’s not going to be very convincing. And since you don’t have an art department, you can’t even set decorate it to look they way you want it to. This may sound obvious, but I’ve seen some relatively well funded low budget productions make this mistake and it always cheapens the film.
Image from Ricardo Diaz on Flickr
Unfortunately without money you don’t have the option of writing anything you’d like into your script, and that rule especially translates to locations. In other words, just because you have a house, this doesn’t mean it’s the right house for your movie. You have other options.
The easiest solution would be to re-work that scene so it takes place in a coffee shop, or a park, or a restaurant, or anywhere else that you may have access to. Kevin Smith’s “Clerks” is a perfect example of utilizing the locations that you have. He worked at a convenience store and wrote the story around that store as that’s what he had access to. That’s exactly what you should do too.
For outdoor locations, you also have the option of shooting guerrilla style (without permits or permission). Films of all sizes have done this successfully and there’s no reason you can’t do it too. However, if you want to do go down this path, you need to take into account the risks involved and be willing to take responsibility for the consequences. In some cities you may get fined and even have your equipment confiscated, so if you decided to do this, proceed with caution.
Food
You need to ensure that your cast and crew are fed well and fed on time, as that’s really the least you can do for them given the sacrifices they are likely making to be a part of your film. With that said, there are still ways to save money in this department.
The first rule here is that you need to plan. If you don’t know what you’re getting for lunch, you’ll wind up ordering individual meals for your cast and crew every day and you will very quickly be over budget. Instead, consider making some food yourself and bringing it to set as long as it’s still good quality. Pizza or subs are okay for a day here or there, but don’t do it for every meal.
In general with a healthy mix of making your own food and ordering affordable bulk meals that have been planned, you can save a ton of money in this area. In fact I would say if there’s one area that I’ve over spent in every production it has been on the food, and the worst part is the overspending didn’t even mean we had better meals or more food on set. It just wasn’t done efficiently.
Camera
A lot of micro-budget films blow way too much money in the camera department. Many filmmakers (especially those without a camera background), overestimate the importance of the camera and underestimate the importance of the DP and lighting. As a result they will often spend the lions share of their budget on renting a camera, and then having next to nothing left over for the rest of the project. So they’re shooting 5K resolution, but it’s still capturing poor actors and ugly locations.
Image from Roger Do Minh on Flickr
If you or your DP own a 5D, GH3, Pocket Camera, or any other good DSLR/video camera, consider using it. A good DP will be able to make your DSLR footage look gorgeous, and while it may not be 5K Red footage, the end result will look a lot better considering you aren’t diminishing the budget of other departments.
Another option is to buy a camera and sell it at the end of your production. In this case, you still may be looking at a DSLR, which are extremely affordable.
Production Design
Although you may not have the budget to pay for a dedicated Production Designer, you still need to pay a lot of attention to the production design department. With good production design, average cinematography can look oscar-worthy and with bad production design, the opposite is true. How you pay attention to this category is up to you. You may want to take the extra time yourself to source props/materials to make your locations work for you, or you may have someone else on the crew who can take your direction well and step in.
While you or your crew may not be experienced in production design, the fact that you are paying attention to it and making an effort at all will go a long way. If you can afford a dedicated Production Designer, then by all means bring one on board, but if you can’t, that doesn’t mean you shouldn’t do anything at all.
The other thing to consider is if you really have no time or resources to do the Production Design yourself (or hire a Production Designer), then choose locations that work well without it. Spend some extra time looking for the perfect locations that are already set up exactly the way you picture them in your head, and when you find those locations, your need for additional help in this area isn’t as strong.
Sound
Whatever you do, do not cut any corners when recording location audio. While every one of the above categories highlights ways to save money in those various departments, I am not going to suggest anything when it comes to sound, other than to make sure you pay your sound recordist well. 50% of your film is the audio and if you have poor audio your films production value will be lowered immensely. In fact many would argue that good audio is more important than good visuals to the average viewer.
Image from EarsAreGood on Flickr
Just because you have a Zoom recorder and a decent shotgun mic, doesn’t mean you should try to record audio yourself. Even if you’re a skilled at recording sound, you’re supposed to be directing the film, and it is not your job to record audio at the same time. If you try to do this you are only taking time away from directing the actors and paying attention to the rest of the production. Do not skimp on sound!
Final Thoughts
With only so much money to go around on a micro-budget film, you have to be really careful about where it goes. Think of your budget as a balancing act between money and quality, and don’t assume that you can simply save money in one department without diminishing the quality of your final product. The good news though, is that in most cases when you do need to cut the budget, you can avoid it having a negative ripple effect on your film by making it up in other ways – most often this comes in the form of putting in more time.
One last thought that I’ll leave you with is that I always recommend you let your micro-budget set feel like a larger set. A big issue that plagues many films of this scale is that the cast/crew loses interest after a few days when they stop believing in the project based on the size and nature of the production. If you make an effort to treat your set the way you would if you had 10 times the budget, then everyone else will too.
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